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suspension of negotiations in the WTO Doha Round is
a painful blow for the global trading system. The potential
costs of indefinite suspension are high, both politically
and economically.
It
has dented the credibility of the WTO at a time of global
economic and geopolitical uncertainty, when all states
need to jointly harness globalization, in order to best
take advantage of it and reap its benefits for the greatest
number. Without the Doha Round, the WTO's central commitment
to progressive trade liberalization and development
through free and fair trade will seem empty to many.
The
great tragedy of the stalemate in the negotiations is
that considerable progress had already been made: not
just in the closely scrutinised negotiations on agriculture
but in the groups working on services trade and adapting
WTO rules to help poorer countries integrate better
in the global trading system. Far from a ‘Doha
Lite’ agreement, what is already on the table
in the Doha Round far outstrips the achievements of
previous GATT Trade Rounds.
We
risk losing what was supposed to be the centrepiece
of the Doha Round: the consolidation of a programme
of fundamental reforms of farm subsidies in the rich
world. Europe has led the way and wants to lock in its
expansive 2003 CAP reforms at the WTO and make them
irreversible. The US and others must commit to similar
reform, so far unstarted. Only a multilateral negotiation
would make this possible.
During
these negotiations, the EU was able to make a significant
improvement in its agricultural market access offer,
bringing its average cuts close to the level requested
by the G20 group of developing countries, provided others
move in parallel. The G20 group of developing countries
acknowledged the flexibility that the EU had shown.
The
EU offered a 100 percent elimination of export subsidies.
These would reduce EU exports of sugar by 5 million
tonnes, of fresh milk by 8 million tonnes. EU poultry
exports would fall by a quarter. All of these reductions
would open markets for others. It offered a 75 percent
reduction in trade distorting domestic support. It showed
a readiness to go to a 50 percent average tariff cut:
a further step from our existing tabled offer of 39
percent average farm tariff cuts to close to the 51.5
percent for which developing countries were asking.
This is a substantial move, and by far the deepest farm
tariff cuts the EU has ever offered in a multilateral
negotiation; We also indicated that we were ready to
talk about the number and treatment of sensitive products:
Sensitive product tariffs will be cut, and their tariff
rate quota levels expanded to allow new market access.
This is more, much more, than anyone would have expected
from the EU.
And
the EU is not giving up on this Round. We have stuck
with it, paid into it, and given a lot.In the short
term we should salvage from the negotiation the elements
of a development package on which we have already agreed.
These things could be adopted as a stand alone deal.
WTO
Members could sign off on a multi-billion euro new package
of capacity building ‘Aid for Trade’ that
will help build the roads and ports and ability to meet
export standards that poorer countries need to trade.
The Hong Kong agreement on duty free quota free market
access to all developed country markets for all Least
Developed Countries could be implemented – and
other countries should match the EU in offering it for
all products and all countries. These and other measures
should be closely considered by WTO members over the
weeks to come.
But
we need to continue to insist that a true development
outcome depends on completing the single undertaking
of the round as originally envisaged at Doha. A successful
Doha Round would add hundreds of billions of euros in
new trade to the global economy – and everyone
benefits. Farm reform, new farm trade but also new trade
in industrial goods and services – these are all
development goals. This is why the wider Doha negotiation
must be revived.
While
we work to get Doha back on track, Europe's trade agenda
will inevitably have to move on. Europe will continue
to explore the possibility of regional trade agreements
with ASEAN and other countries. But these things are
not alternatives to Doha or the multilateral system
- they complement it. No bilateral agreement can reproduce
the global benefits of a multilateral deal. The WTO
will remain the essential platform for ensuring Europe's
interests and the interests of development are recognized
in the global trading system.
The
EU will work to ensure that Doha suceeds. I dearly hope
that, when the smoke has cleared, others will want to
do the same. The EU stands ready to carry on where we
have left off.
The
writer is the European Commissioner for External Trade.
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